The Great Way is not named;

Great Discriminations are not spoken;
Great Benevolence is not benevolent;
Great Modesty is not humble;
Great Daring does not attack.

If the Way is made clear, it is not the Way.

If discriminations are put into words, they do not suffice.
If benevolence has a constant object, it cannot be universal.
If modesty is fastidious, it cannot be trusted.
If daring attacks, it cannot be complete.

These five are all round, but they tend towards the square.

Therefore, understanding that rests in what it does not understand is the finest.

Who can understand discriminations that are not spoken,
the Way that is not a way?
If he can understand this, he may be called
the Reservoir of Heaven.

Pour into it and it is never full,
dip from it and it never runs dry,
and yet it does not know
where the supply comes from.

This is called the Shaded light.


"He who dreams of drinking wine may weep when morning comes; he who dreams of weeping may in the morning go off to hunt. While he is dreaming he does not know it is a dream, and in his dream he may even try to interpret a dream. Only after he wakes does he know it was a dream. And someday there will be a great awakening when we know that this is all a great dream. Yet the stupid believe they are awake, busily and brightly assuming they understand things, calling this man ruler, that one herdsman - how dense! Confucius and you are both dreaming! And when I say you are dreaming, I am dreaming, too. Words like these will be labeled the Supreme Swindle. Yet, after ten thousand generations, a great sage may appear who will know their meaning, and it will still be as though he appeared with astonishing speed.


Once Zhuang Zhou dreamed he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting about happily and knowing nothing about Zhou. Suddenly he awoke, and there he was, Zhou himself again. Now he does not know whether he was Zhou dreaming he was a butterfly or a butterfly dreaming he was Zhou. Between Zhou and the butterfly there must be some distinction. This is what is meant by the transformations of things.